Gary E. Borodic, M.D.



	Curriculum Vitae (date prepared 1-4-00) EDUCATION: 1970-1974 University of Rhode Island, B.A. with Highest Distinction 1974-1978 University of Vermont, MD POSTDOCTORAL TRAINING: Internship and Residencies 1978-1979 Intern, Internal Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University 1979-1980 Junior Assistant Resident, Ophthalmology Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University 1980-1981 Assistant Resident, Neurology Yale New Haven Hospital Post Doctorate Fellow Neuroscience, Yale University 1981-1983 Resident, Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School 1983-1984 Chief Resident, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School LICENSURE AND CERTIFICATION: 1979-Present Rhode Island Board of Registration 1979 Diplomate, National Board of Examiners 1981-Present Massachusetts Board of Registration BOARD CERTIFICATION: Ophthalmology, 1985. ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS: 1984-1988 Clinical Assistant, Ophthalmology Harvard Medical School 1988-Present Clinical Instructor Harvard Medical School 1988-1990 Assistant Clinical Professor, Ophthalmology Boston University (not active) 1993-present Assistant Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School HOSPITAL APPOINTMENTS: 1984-1987 Clinical Assistant Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary 1987-Present Assistant Surgeon Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary OTHER PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS AND MAJOR VISITING APPOINTMENTS: 1987 Visiting Professor of Ophthalmology, Neurology, University of Vermont 1988 Program Director- Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation 1989 Visiting Professor- Dartmouth Medical College 1992-1995 Industrial Safety Monitor (Botulinum Toxin- test Articles) for Food and Drug Administration Filings 1995 National Intitute of Health Round Table on Facial Movement Disorders 1993-1999 Associate Medical Director of National Spasmodic Torticollis Association AWARDS AND HONORS: 1977 Alpha Omega Alpha, University of Vermont COMMITTEE ASIGNEMENTS: Bylaws Committee-Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary 1986-1987 Greater Boston Ophthalmology Course for 1990-1992 Residents, Oculoplastic Section Administrative MEMBERSHIPS, OFFICES AND COMMITTEE ASSIGNMENTS IN PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES: 1973-Present Phi Kappa Phi, Phi Beta Kappa 1974-1994 American Medical Association 1977-Present Alpha Omega Alpha 1983-1998 Fellow of the American Academy of Ophthalmology 1984-1996 Massachusetts Medical Society 1984-Present Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 1987-Present New England Ophthalmology Society 1988 National Program Chairman, Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation, Cambridge, 1987-1989 Test question preparation for the American Board of Ophthalmology 1992-Present Fellow of the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons 1994-presnt Assciates Medical Advisor-Scientific Committee, National Spasmodic Torticollis Association EDITORIAL BOARDS: Reviewer for the following journals in 1991-1998: Ophthalmology Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery Neurology Movement Disorders Archives of Dermatology Drug Safety Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery MAJOR RESEARCH INTERESTS: Neuro-ophthalmology and eyelid movement diseases, and other forms of dystonias. Medical biochemistry of botulinum toxin Clinical pharmacology of botulinum toxin. Oculoplastic Surgery PRINCIPAL CLINICAL AND HOSPITAL SERVICE RESPONSIBILITIES: 1983-1984: Assistant Director of Residency Training (Administrative) and Clinical Fellow Harvard Medical School 1984-Present Oculoplastic Trauma Service Surgical Attending, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary 1984-1991 Oculoplastics and Orbital Clinic Surgical Attending, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary 1984-1987 General Eye Service Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary 1986-1995 Attending Surgeon, Oculoplastics Clinic Gunderson Eye Clinic Boston University Hospital 1986-1987 Conference Lecturer and Organizer- Oculoplastic Surgery Greater Boston Residents Course and Lecturer Orbital Anatomy Course, Harvard Medical School 1988 Director, Clinical Applications of Botulinum Toxin, Harvard Course, Cambridge Massachusetts 1987-1995 Director, Oculoplastics Service Boston University School of Medicine University Hospital 1989-1998 Oculoplastic Consultant Facial Nerve Clinic Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary 1993- present Organizer and Attending Ophthalmologist at the Facial nerve Clinic Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary TEACHING EXPERIENCE (SUMMARY)(see appendix A for detailed listing): Narrative Report of Teaching, Research and Clinical Contributions: Major clinical, teaching and research interests are in the realm of oculoplastic surgery, with emphasis on surgery of ocular adenexa, management of involuntary facial and eyelid movements, and science and medicine of botulinum toxin therapy. Recently, accomplishments in this field can be summarized as follows: 1. Identifying myasthenia gravis as a an absolute, potentially life threatening, contraindication to the administration of botulinum toxin for the treatment of blepharospasm. 2. With associate scientists, identifying formulation defects in the original source materials of therapeutic botulinum composition which resulted in secondary immunity in patients with chronic need for the therapy. Loss of efficacy had been botulinum efficacy can be devastating for many patients needing this form of therapy and avoidance of this complication can save patients from years of suffering. 3. Identifying reasons for varying dose response relationships experienced with different formulations of botulinum toxin using. 4. Discovering efficacy of botulinum toxin for the primary treatment of certain human pain disorders (myofascial pain) and essential headache disorders. 5. Identifying a new, and potentially important, common syndrome component associated with benign essential blepharospasm- photophobia. 6. Identified and validated a method for testing for secondary resistance to botulinum toxin using remote point injections. 7. (Most recent) Identifying a new, non-neuromuscular bioeffect (sensory effect) of botulinum toxin and reducing this observation to animals model. Newly discovered bioeffects may lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of regional facial movement disease as well as other diseases not associated with the eye. Historic Accomplishments: 1. Helped demonstrate efficacy of botulinum toxin for the treatment in blepharospasm, torticollis, occupational hand dystonias, certain pain syndromes, facial nerve afflictions, through participation in clinical studies 2. Elucidated the diffusion kinetics of certain doses of botulinum toxin using muscle fiber morphometrics and certain histologic stains. 3. (Civic) Helped obtain product liability insurance (by facilitating public education) for the original botulinum toxin test article when insurance cancellation resulted in loss of therapy for most blepharospasm patient for two years. 4. Development of an animal model for scoliosis using a botulinum toxin to paraspinal muscles during growth and development. 5. Studied anatomic science of neuromuscular junction distribution in orbicularis muscle relevant to botulinum toxin injection. 6. Elucidated the import of anatomic relationships in cervical muscles relative to the administration of botulinum toxin. Funding information: Private (via Corporate contributions and biologics company) Association with University of Wisconsin Food Research. Current Research: Developing an animals model to measure extraneuromuscular effects of botulinum toxin relevant to the treatment of human diseases. Conducting biochemical computational analysis on new bioeffects using directed animals models. Report of Clinical Activities: 1. Practice is focused on the specialty of oculoplastic surgery , with special subspecialty focus on facial and eyelid movement disorders. 2. Functional and reconstructive oculoplastic surgery includes treatment of lid and orbital tumors, nasolacrimal diseases, socket pathology, ptosis, graves disease, and consultation in problems in botulinum toxin administration. 3. Practice in includes anterior segment surgery (general ophthalmology). Note that in 1998 a special accomplishment was the identification of an anesthetic formulation that caused extraocular muscle myopathy at Mass Eye and Ear. 4. Practice evaluates approximately 70-100 cases per week. Often, cases involve oculoplastic conditions, with some comprehensive ophthalmology. Teaching and Conference Participation: (+ denotes conferences in which basic scientists are major participants) Teaching Local: Lecturer for New England Ophthalmology Society, 1980,1984-86,1988-89, 1992,1995, 1997, 1998, 1999 Lecturer at Boston Neurologic Society, 1985 + Lecturer for US Army Chemical Meeting, Natick Mass, 1991 Lecturer at Medical Courses offered by Harvard Medical School 1986,1988,1989,1990,1992 1983-1987 Attending-General Eye Service Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary 1984-1992 Attending-Oculoplastic Clinic Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Borodic, G.E., Geltzer A., Kinder, R. Scatter Retinal Photocoagulation and the Hyperglycemic State. New England Ophthalmology Society, June 1980 Borodic, G.E., Chess, J., Bienfang, D.C. Temporal Arteritis and the Vertrebral Artery Syndrome New England Ophthalmology Society, 1983 Borodic, G.E., Sadun, A., Bienfang, D.C. The Optic Nerve and Sarcoidosis New England Ophthalmology Society, 1984 Borodic, G.E. Clinical Use of Botulinum Toxin Neurology Grand Rounds New England Deaconess Hospital, October 1984 Borodic, G.E., Townsend, D.J., Papale, J. The Optic Nerve and Leukemia New England Ophthalmology Society, 1984 Borodic, G.E., Townsend, D.J. Treatment of Neurologic Blepharospasm with Botulinum Toxin New England Ophthalmology Society, June 1985 Audio Digest Ophthalmology (vol. 23, no. 17, September 1985) Hochberg, F.H., Borodic, G.E., Growdon, J. Henneman, Treatment of Focal Forearm Dystonias with Oculinum, A Report of the First Thirteen Cases Department of Neurology & Human Studies Committee Massachusetts General Hospital, Neurology Grand Rounds, January 1987 Borodic, G.E., Townsend, D.J. Ophthalmologic Evaluation of Meige Syndrome and Clinical Applications of Botulinum Toxin Boston Neurologic Society, March 1985 Borodic, G.E., Beyer, C.K. Autogenous Dermis Fat Graft for the Treatment of Synthetic Implant Extrusion in an Eviscerated Socket New England Ophthalmology Society, May 1987 + Borodic, Gary Medicinal applications of Botulinum A Toxin, Us Army Chemical Meeting, Natick Mass, 1991 Borodic, G.E., Bienfang D. Anterior Optic Nerve Circulation Changes Observed in Temporal Arteritis. Neurology Clinical Conference, Roberto Heros, MD April, 1984 Borodic, G.E., Botulinum Toxin: Therapeutic Applications in Ophthalmic and Neurologic Diseases Grand Rounds-Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, September 1989 Brigham and Women's Hospital, August 1989 Borodic, G.E. Surgical Anatomy of the Eyelids Harvard Medical School, Annual course on Oculoplastic Surgery, 1989 Borodic, GE Surgical Anatomy of the Nasolacrimal System Orbital Course,Massachuseets Eye and Ear, 1990 Borodic, G.E. Use of Botulinum Toxin for Hemifacial Spasm Neurosurgery Grand Rounds, Massachusetts General Hospital, January 1989 Borodic, G.E. Research and Clinical Applications of Botulinum A Toxin in Ophthalmology and Medicine Vermont Ophthalmology Society Meeting Manchester, Vermont, May 1989 Borodic, G.E. Reversible Blindness after Surgical Drainage of Orbital Abcess New England Opthalmological Society, May 1989 Borodic, G.E. Ophthalmic and Neurologic Applications of Botulinum A Toxin Neurologic/Neurosurgical Grand Rounds Brigham and Women's Hospital, August 1989 Borodic, G.E. Applications of Botulinum A Toxin for the Treatment of Segmental Dystonia. Neurology Grand Rounds, Dartmouth Medical College August 1990 Borodic, G.E. Topographic Diffusion of Botulinum Toxin and Regional Complications/Clinical Applications of Botulinum Toxin. Neurology Grand Rounds, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, October 1990 Borodic, G.E. Overview and Surgical Variations of the Hughs Flap, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Alumni Meeting, May 1988 Borodic, G.E. Application of Botulinum Toxin for Larger Muscle Dystonias Grand Rounds, Braintree Hospital, March 1990, Grand Rounds, New England Sinai Hospital, July 1990 Borodic, G.E. Mini Atlas of Eyelid Tumors Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Alumni Meeting May 1990 Borodic, G.E. Reconstruction of the Upper and Lower Eyelid Combined Grand Rounds, Ophthalmology, Boston University/Tufts University October 1990 Borodic, G.E. The Concept of Using Botulinum Toxin to Achieve Facial Dynamic Symmetry in Unilateral Facial Nerve Paralysis. Facial Nerve Meeting, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, March 1990 (Initiating the Human Studies Protocol: Botulinum A toxin to Achieve Facial Dynamic Symmetry at Mass. Eye & Ear Infirmary, 1990) Borodic GE Use of gold weight implants for the management of paralytic lagophthalmos. Massachussetts Eye and Ear Annual Alumni Meeting, 1991. Borodic GE Botulinum toxin for the treatment of oscillopsia. Report of three cases. Grand rounds Massachusetts Eye and Ear Grand Rounds, August, 1991. Borodic GE Review of reconstructive techniquesfor upper and lower eyelids. Greater Boston Review course on oculoplastic and reconstructive surgery 1991. Borodic GE Evaluation and management of involuntary neurologic blepharospasm. Greater Boston Review course on oculoplastic and reconstructive surgery 1991. Borodic GE, Ferrante R Denervation field and complications associated with large dose botulinum toxin injections. Mass Eye and Ear Grand Rounds, January 1992 Borodic G Diagnosis and evaluation of orbital blowout fractures, Boston University-Tufts Grand Rounds, Oct 1992 Borodic GE In vitro demonstration of Phaco-Chop Maneuver Tufts University Course on Phacoemulsification Surgery, 1994 Borodic GE Otolaryngology and Botulinum Toxin, ENT Grand Rounds- January, 1994 Borodic GE Blepharospasm, An Update. New England Ophthalmology Society, May 1992 Borodic GE Current Concepts in Botulinum Toxin Therapy. New England Oculoplastic Course, Tufts University, May, 1992. Borodic GE Live surgery demonstration of levator reection techniques, Tufts University Oculoplastics Series, June 1994 Borodic GE Botulinum toxin and Strabismus. Boston University, December 1994. Borodic GE Botulinum Toxin for the treatment of Human Muscle Disease. Ether Dome-Oral Surgery Grand Rounds, January 1995 Borodic GE. Surgical Anatomy of the Anterior Orbit. Annual Corse on Eyelid Surgery, Tufts University, May 1995 Borodic GE Surgical methods for creating tarsorraphy. New England Ophthalmology Society, 1998. Borodic GE Update on BOTOX New England Ophthalmic Plastics Society, 1998. + Borodic GE Acquardron M Symposia on Neurobiology of botulinum toxin, Physiology, Univ of Vermont 1998. Borodic GE Surgical methods for creating tarsorraphy. New England Ophthalmology Society, 1998. Borodic GE Update on BOTOX New England Ophthalmic Plastics Society, 1998. Borodic GE ENT Residency Course- BOTOX applications-1995- 1999, Mass Eye and Ear Infirmary Borodic GE Grand Rounds Botulinum toxin January 1999, Tufts New Englamd Medical Center Borodic GE Grand Rounds Mass Eye and Ear Infirmary- Current Concepts in Botulinum toxin Therapy 1999 Teaching (National): Lecturer at American Academy of Ophthalmology, 1983,1988-1990 Lecturer at Medical College Courses at Other Medcial Colleges: 1987 Univ Utah 1987-1991 Boston University 1988 University of Vermont 1989 Ohio State 1990 Duke University 1992 Baylor University 1993 University of Wisconsin 1994 University of Minnesota 1994 Columbia University Tufts University Boston University 1995 National Institutes of Health-Neuroscience Division- Round Table on facial Movement disorders 1998 Univ of Vermont Grand Rounds Presentations at other than principal hospital: 1985-1992 Lecturer at Neuro-ophthalmic Societies: Frank Walsh Society 1984, International Neuro-ophthalmic Symposium 1985 Borodic, G.E., Gragoudas, E., Brockhurst, R. Choroidal Neovascularization Complicating Congenital Optic Nerve Pits. International Neuro-ophthalmology Symposium, June 1982, Hamilton, Bermuda Borodic, G.E., Sadun, A., Bienfang, D.C. Pulsating Exophthalmos After a Closed Head Injury. Frank Walsh Society, 1984 Sadun, A., Borodic, G.E. Optic Neuropathy Secondary to Ophthalmic Artery Aneurysm. Frank Walsh Society, 1984 + Borodic, G.E., Bienfang, D.C. The Topographic Neuropathology of Opsoclonus International Congress of Neuro-ophthalmology, Antwerp, Belgium, 1984 Borodic, G.E., Beyer, C.K., Mullin, J., Foster, S. Conjunctival Amyloidosis, an Unusual Case of Ptosis Oculoplastic Research Symposium, American Academy of Ophthalmology, Chicago, Illinois, 1983 + Borodic, G.E., Conte, J., Aswad, M., Hilles, S., Robinson, D., Melvin, C., Caron, L.A., Foster, C.S. Aqueous Humor Leukotriene Concentrations in Animal Models of Inflammation Association for Research in Vision and and Ophthalmology, May 1985 + Borodic, G.E., Townsend, D.J., Dose Response Relationships of Oculinum in the Treatment of Neurologic Blepharospasm Assoc. for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, 1986 + Borodic, G.E. Evidence of Drug Resistance with Repeated Injections of Oculinum in Essential Blepharospasm 5th International Meeting of the Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Foundation, September 1987 + Borodic, G.E., Townsend, D.J., Cozzolino, D.J. Dose Relationships of Botulinum Toxin for Blepharospasm 6th International Conference on Facial Dyskinesia, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1988 + Borodic, G.E., Weigner, A., Young, R. Innervation Zone Analysis and Botulinum Toxin Therapy (Blepharospasm) 6th International Conference on Facial Dyskinesia, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1988 Borodic, G.E., Cozzolino, D.J., Ferrante, R. Histologic Changes in Human Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Treated with Botulinum Toxin American Academy of Ophthalmology, 1988 Las Vegas, Nevada + Townsend, D.J., Borodic, G.E. Toxin Injection Technique 1988 Meige Disease Meeting, Cambridge, Mass. + Borodic, G.E., Ferrante, R., Cozzolino, D. Geometric Field of Action of Botulinum Toxin Using Acetylcholinesterase Stain Ohio State University, (Blepharospasm Foundation) August, 1989 Borodic, G.E., Young, R., Cozzolino, D., Weigner, A. Innervation Zone Analysis of Orbicularis Oculi Muscle and its Significance to Botulinum A toxin Therapy American Academy of Ophthalmology New Orleans, Louisiana, 1989 Borodic, G.E., Ferrante, R., Effects of Repeated Injections of Botulinum A Toxin on the Histology of Human Orbicularis Oculi Muscle American Academy of Ophthalmology Atlanta, Georgia, 1990 Borodic, G.E., Mill, L, Joseph, M., Blepharospasm, Spasmodic Torticollis. Clinical Application of Botulinum A Toxin for Adult Onset Spasmodic Torticollis American Academy of Ophthalmology Atlanta, Georgia, 1990 + Borodic, G.E., Fay, L., Joseph, M., Ferrante, R., Mills, L, Cozzolino, D. Regional Toxin Spread, Botulinum Toxin Diffusion Kinetics and Complications in the Applications of Botulinum A Toxin Duke University, Essential Blepharospasm, Meige Disease, Facial Dystonia Foundation Durham, North Carolina, September 1990 Borodic, G.E., Fay, L., Joseph, M., Ferrante, R., Mills, L., Cozzolino, D. Subclassification of Adult Onset Spasmodic Torticolls and Standardization in the Botulinum Toxin Injection Strategy Duke University, Essential Blepharospasm, Meige Disease, Facial Dystonia Foundation Durham, North Carolina, September 1990 + Borodic, G.E. Botulinum A toxin in Clinical Medicine: Dysphagia, Ophthalmic Complications, and Regional Toxin Spread U.S. Food and Drug Administration, September 1990 Borodic, G.E., Jankovic, J. Clinical Applications of Botulinum A toxin in Neuro medicine and Ophthalmology American Academy of Neurology, Spring 1991 Borodic GE Demonstrated method of injection of botulinum toxin into cervical muscles for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis American Academy of Neurology, Spring 1991 Borodic GE Botulinum toxin for treatment of facial dyskinesias, scientific review of techniques. Region Meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, Cambridge , June, 1991 Borodic GE Botulinum toxin and adult onset spasmodic torticollis, New England Meeting of the National Spasmodic Torticollis Association, Boston, Mass. + Borodic GE, Ferrante R, Pearce B Review of Histologic Changes in muscle after clinical botulinum toxin injections and importance of diffusion. International Symposium on Botulinum Toxin,Madison, Wisconsin, May 1992 + Borodic G, Sillman J, Waters K Digitalization and computer analysis of human facial movements. Baylor Medical College August 1992 Borodic G, Pearce B, Ferrante R New concepts in botulinum toxin pharmacology, Baylor Medical College August, 1992 Borodic, GE, Pearce LB, Ferrante R. Anti-botulinum toxin antibodies after repetitive injection of botulinum toxin for the treatment of essential blepharospasm. American Association of Ophthalmic Plastic and reconstructive Surgeons. 24th Annual Scientific Symposium, Chicago, Ill. November 1993 +Borodic GE, Pearce LB Regional denervation, implication for standardization of botulinum activity important for medicinal use. Inter-agency Meeting on Botulinum toxin. University of Wisconsin, Madison Wisconsin, November 1993. +Borodic, GE Differential dysphagia rates for spasmodic torticollis based on botulinum toxin formulation. University of Minnesota,1994 Borodic, GE Dynamic lines in the periorbital region, and botulinum toxin applications in Ophthalmology, Columbia University Course on Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, December, 1994. Borodic GE Current Approaches to the use of botulinum toxin for spasmodic torticollis. Annual Scientific Symposium, National Spasmodic Torticollis Association, Orlando, Florida, November, 1994 +Borodic GE. Johnson E, Goodbough M. Standardization and Formulation Issues in the Preparation of Botulinum Therapeutic Toxin, National Institute of Health, February, 1995 + Borodic GE, Goode M. Immunoresistance in craniocervical dystonia patients treated with repetitive botulinum toxin injections. Interagency Botulism Meeting, Center of Disease Control, Atlanta, December 1995. + Borodic GE Quigg C Photophobia and Essential Blepharospasm, American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, 1996. + Borodic GE Pharmacology of Botulinum toxin. Interagency Botulism Meeting,US Army, Fort Dietrick, 1996 Borodic GE Botulinum toxin can precipitate myesthernic crisis American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, 1998. Borodic GE Beaumont History of Medicne Lecturer- University of Vermont- History of botulinum toxin Development for the treatment of human diseases- 1999 Borodic GE Outcome instrument for the morbidity measurements in hemifacial spastic disease, New England Ophthalmology Scoiety, May, 1999 Borodic GE Outcome instrument for the morbidity measurements in hemifacial spastic disease- validation methods, American Society of Plastic and reconstructive Surgeons October , 1999 Borodic GE Mitomycin C as Adjuvent chemotherapy for post operative treatment of sebaceous cell carcinoma, American Society of Plastic and reconstructive Surgeons October, 1999 Borodic GE, Acquadro M, Retrospective analysis of 97 botulinum toxin patients with blepharospasm, and essential headache disorders, November 1999 Borodic GE Botulinum toxin in Ophthalmology, Tufts, Invited Lecturer, March , 1999 Borodic GE Botulinum toxin for human essential headache disorders, New England Otolaryngology Society, December, 1999 PUBLICATIONS Original reports: 1. Calderone, J.P., Chess, J., Borodic, G.E., Albert, D.M.: Intraocular pathology in trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome) British Journal of Ophthalmology vol. 67, no. 3:162 1983 2. Borodic, G.E., Gragoudas, E., Brockhurst R.: Choroidal neovascularization complicating congenital optic nerve pits. Archives of Ophthalmology vol. 102:229-231,1984. 3. Borodic, G.E., Beyer, C., Millin, J., Foster, S.: Immunoglobulin deposition in primary conjunctival amyloidosis. American Journal of Ophthalmology vol. 98:617-622, 1984 4. Borodic, G.E., Cozzolino, D.: Blepharospasm and its treatment with emphasis on the use of botulinum A toxin. Invited by Robert Goldwyn, Ed. in Chief, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery vol. 83, no. 3:546-553, 1989 5. Borodic, G.E., Townsend, D.J., Beyer, C: Management of Implant extrusion in an eviscerated socket with autogenous dermis fat graft. Ophthal. Plastic & Recons. Surg. vol. 5 (2):144-149, 1989 6. Borodic, G.E., Miller, D., Bienfang, D.: Opsoclonus report of three autopsies and literature reviews. Neuro- ophthalmology Into the Nineties, Smith J.L., Katz R.S., Dutton Press, Hialeah, FL, 1989. 7. Borodic, G.E., Joseph, M., Fay, L, Cozzolino, D, Ferrante, R.: Botulinum A toxin for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis, Dysphagia and Regional Toxin Spread. Head & Neck, 12:392-398, 1990 8. Borodic GE, Mills L, Joseph M. Botulinum A toxin for adult onset spasmodic torticollis. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 87:2, 285-289, 1991 9. Borodic, GE, Cozzolino D, Weigner A., Ferrante R., Young R. Orbicularis oculi innervation zone and implications for Botulinum A toxin therapy. Ophthalmic Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery, Volume 7 , No 1, 54-60, 1991. 10. Borodic, GE Botulinum A Toxin Application for Expressionistic Ptosis Overcorrection after Frontalis Sling Procedures. Vol. 8, no 2, page 137-142, 1992. 11. Borodic GE, Pearce LB, Smith K, Joseph M. Botulinum toxin for spasmodic torticollis, multiple vs single point injections per muscle. Head and Neck 14:33-37,1992. 12. Borodic, G.E., Cheney, M., McKenna, M.: Contralateral injection of botulinum toxin to achieve facial dynamic symmetry for the treatment of hemifacial spasm. Plastic and Reconst Surgery, 90(6),972-7,1992 13. Borodic, G.E., Ferrante, R.: Histologic effects of repeated botulinum toxin over many years in human orbicularis oculi muscle. Journal of Clinical Neuro- Ophthalmology 12(2):121-127,1992. 14. Borodic GE, Smith K, Pearce LB, Ferrante R Botulinum B Toxin as an Alternative to Botulinum A Toxin, a Histologic study Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 9(3):182- 90, 1993. 15. Borodic GE, Metson R, Townsend D, McKenna M, Pearce LB. Botulinum Toxin for aberrant facial nerve regeneration. Dose response relationships. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, (91)6,1042-5,1993 18. First E, Pearce LB, Borodic GE. Dose standardization with botulinum toxin for human use. Lancet, 343(8904):1035, 1994. 19. Pearce LB, Borodic GE, First E, MacCallum R Measurement of botulinum toxin activity:evaluation of the lethality assay. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 128,69-77, 1994 20. Borodic GE, Ferrante R, Pearce LB, Smith K Histologic assessment of dose realted diffusion and muscle fiber response after therapeutic botulinum toxin injections. Movement Disorders 9(1):31-9,1994. 21 Borodic GE Botulinum A toxin for (expressionistic) ptosis overcorrection after frontalis sling. Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surg. 8(2):137-42,1992. 22. Acquardro M, Borodic GE Treatment of myofascial pain with botulinum toxin. Anesthesiology 80(3):705-706, 1994 22. Pearce LB, Borodic GE, Johnson EA, First ER, MacCallum R The median paralysis unit: a more pharmacologically relevant unit of biologic activity for botulinum toxin Toxicon Vol 33, no 2 pp 217-227, 1995 Toxicon 35:9, 1373, 1997 (Review) 23. Borodic GE, Johnson , Goodnough M, Schantz E Botulinum toxin, Immunologic resistance , and problems with available materials.(by invitation), 46:26-29 Neurology,1996 24. Pardo FS, Borodic,GE Long term follow up of patients undergoing definitive radiation therapy for sebaceous cell carcinoma of the ocular adnexae Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1534 1189-90, 1996 25. Borodic, GE Eyelid botulinum toxin injections can cause myesthenic crisis Accepted by the Lancet, Dec 5;352(9143):18321999. 26. Troll G, Borodic GE Diplopia after cataract surgery using 4% lidocaine in the absence of Wydase. Clin Anesth. 1999 Nov;11(7):615-6 27. Hayashi N, Borodic G, Karesh JW, Tolentino MJ, Remulla HD, Van Wesep RA, Grossniklaus HE, Jakobiec FA, Green WR Ophthalmology. 1999 Jun;106(6):1223-9J . 28. Borodic GE Botulinum toxin issues and applications, Current Opinions in Otolaryngology, 19991998 Dec 5;352(9143):1832 Proceedings of Meetings and Reviews: 1. Ashikkaga, T., Borodic, G.E., Sims, E.A.H.: Multiple Daily insulin injections and the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 1978 vol. 27:592 (Abstract: JAMA Oct. 6, 1978) (Abstract: International Medicine News, Oct. 1978) 2. Borodic, G.E., Gletzer, A., Kinder, R.: Scatter retinal photocoagulation and the hyperglycemic State. (Abstract: Ophthal. Times, Nov. 1980) 3. Borodic, G.E., Sadun A., Bienfang, D.C.: Pulsating exophthalmos after a closed head injury. Pulication: Case Records of MGH, New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 311, no.8:520-528, 1983. 4. Char, D.H.: Thyroid Eye Disease. Williams & Wilkins, 1985 Arch. of Ophthal. 5. Walsh, T.J.: Neuro-opthalmology; Clinical Signs and Symptoms. Lea & Febiger, 1985. Arch. of Ophthal. 6. Jankovic J Facial Dyskinesias, Raven Press, 1988 Arch of Ophthalmol 7. Borodic, G.E., Townsend, D.J.: Dose-response relationships in 241 patients with blepharospasm; Cambridge, Mass. 1988 Meige Disease Foundation Meeting. Ear, Nose, Throat J. 1988 vol. 67 (12):914 8. Borodic, Weigner, A., Young, R.: Motor point analysis and botulinum toxin administration. Cambridge, Mass. 1988 Meige Disease Foundation Meeting. Ear, Nose, Throat J. 1988 vol 67:915 9. Borodic GE, Townsend Method of injecting botulinum toxin for the treatment of blepharospasm 1988 Meige Disease Foundation Meeting. Ear, Nose, Throat J. 1988 vol 67:915 10. Borodic, G.E., Townsend, D.J.:Oculinum (Botulinum Toxin) for the treatment of facial spastic disease. in Oculoplastic Orbital & Recon. Surg. Hornblass, Williams, Wilkins, Baltimore 1988 11. Borodic, G.E.: Involuntary eyelid closure and orbicularis Paralysis. Current Opinions in Ophthalmology Vol. 1:30, 1990 12. Borodic GE, Pearce LB, Johnson E, Schantz E. Clinical and Scientific Aspects of Therapeutic Botulinum Toxin Administrations. Ophthalmology Clinics of N America, September, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1991 (Invited) 13. McKenna MJ, Cheney M, Borodic GE Management of facial paralysis after intracranial surgery Contemporary Neurosurgery, 13(22), 1-8, 1991 14. Borodic, G.E.: Cystic lesions of the orbit. In Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology (Harvard Method in Ophthalmology).(completed) W B Saunders 1994. (second edition 1998) 15. Borodic GE, Pearce LB United States Pharmacopial Drug Information for the Health Care Professional. January, 1992. 16 Borodic, GE, Ferrante R, Wiegner AW,Young RR, Treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin Ann Neurol 31(1):113,1992 17. Borodic GE, Pearce LB, Johnson E Botulinum toxin antibodies after repetitive eyelid injections. Ophthalmology, 101:1158-9, 1994. 18. Borodic GE Therapeutic botilinum toxin. Letter, The Lancet, 344: 1370, 1994 19. Pearce LB, Borodic GE, First E Botuinum toxin standardization Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 343:1035, 1994. 20. Borodic GE, Pearce LB, Duane D, Johnson E Antibodies to botulinum toxin. Neurology 45(1):204, 1995. 21 Borodic GE Therapeutic botulinum toxin (letter) The Lancet 344:1370, 1994. 22. Borodic GE, Pearce LB New concepts in botulinum toxin therapy. Drug Safety 11(3)): 145-152, 1994. 23. Pearce LB, First E, Borodic GE Botulinum toxin standardization: death vs localized denervation. J R Soc Med 88(4): 239-240, 1995. Textbook Chapters ( all by invitation ) 21. Borodic GE, Ferrante R, Pearce B Review of Histologic Changes in muscle after clinical botulinum toxin injections and importance of diffusion. International Symposium on Botulinum Toxin, Madison Wisconsin in Botulinum and tetanus Neurotoxins edited by BR Dasgupta, Plenum Press, New York,New York 1993 22. Borodic GE Hemifacial spasm, Evaluation and Therapy. Textbook of Botulinum Toxin Therapy Eds J Jankovic, M Hallet, Marcel Dekker, New York, Hong Kong Chapter 24, page 331-353,1994. 23. Borodic GE , Aldersen K, Pearce Ferrante R Histologic changes in muscle and clinciopathologic correlations after therapeutic botulinum toxin administration Textbook of Botulinum Toxin Therapy Eds J Jankovic, M Hallet, Marcel Dekker, New York,Hong Kong, Chapter 10, page 119-158,1994. 24. Borodic GE Use of Botulinum Toxin in facial plastic surgery. ed Cheney M Wiliiam and Wilkins, 1996 25. Borodic GE Evaluation and management of ptosis ed Cheney M Wiliiam and Wilkins, 1996 Book publications (author) 1. Borodic GE, Townsend D Illustrated Methods of Eyelid Surgery (A Surgical Atlas). W B Saunders, 1994. (English and Spanish translations) United States Patents: 1. Borodic GE (inventor) US Pat 5,053,005 .Modulation of curvature development of the vertebrate skeleton with chemodenervation. 2. Borodic GE (inventor) US Pat 5,183,462 Dose standardization of botulinum toxins using regional denervation.Controlled adminstration of chemodenervating pharmaceuticals 3. Borodic GE (inventor) US Pat 5,298,019 Chemodenervating pharmaceuticals with botulinum toxin 4. Borodic GE (inventor) US Pat 5,401,243 Chemodenrvating pharmaceuticals 5. Johnson E Goodnough M Borodic G (co-inventors) US Pat 5,696,077 Pharmaceutical composition containing botulinum B toxin complex








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